Agenda

Economic Development Commission - Agenda - Mar 18, 2026

Mar 18, 2026

A public record published by the Town of Simsbury (simsbury-ct.gov). mySimsbury indexes it and makes it readable; it is not the official copy. View the original file.

Page 1 of 1
Economic Development Commission
Regular Meeting
March 18, 2026 - 5:30 P.M.
Main Meeting Room, Town Hall
933 Hopmeadow Street, Simsbury, Connecticut 06070
AGENDA
Call to Order
1) Pledge of Allegiance
2) Cambridge Econometrics Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal
Greenway (NHNCG) Presentation by Bike Walk Connecticut President Steven Mitchell
3) Liaison Updates & Reports
a. Chamber of Commerce
b. Board of Selectmen
c. Sustainability Committee
d. Library, Tourism, & Historical Society
e. Zoning Commission
f. Planning Commission
g. Main Street Partnership
h. Town Manager
4) New Website “Businesses” Button Discussion
5) Plan of Conservation & Development (POCD) Economic Development Discussion
6) Municipal Economic Development Comparative Analysis: Town of Branford
7) Approve the February 25, 2026 Special Meeting Minutes
8) Chair Report
Adjourn
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
1
Economic Impact Analysis
of the New Haven &
Northampton Canal
Greenway (NHNCG)
Final Report
November 2025
camecon.com
The NHNCG is comprised of the Norwottuck Rail Trail, Manhan Rail Trail, Southampton
Greenway, Columbia Greenway Rail Trail, Southwick Rail Trail, and Farmington Canal Heritage
Trail. Some of the trail segments in Connecticut also overlap with the East Coast Greenway.
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
2
Authors
Ann (Furbush) Ormsbee, Cambridge Econometrics – ao@camecon.com
Dan Hodge, Cambridge Econometrics – dh@camecon.com
Project Director
Dan Hodge, Cambridge Econometrics – dh@camecon.com
Acknowledgements
This study was conducted in close partnership with Craig Della Penna, Principal of Northeast Greenway
Solutions and longtime advocate of rail trails. Many local organizations, businesses, and advocates in
Connecticut and Massachusetts contributed to this effort by gathering data, sharing insights, and fostering
valuable connections. We thank everyone for their support and for helping make this work possible.
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
3
Contents
Executive Summary 4
1 Overview and Introduction 7
2 Data and Methodology 12
3 Trail Users and User Spending 15
4 Economic Impacts 23
5 NHNCG Business Impacts 29
6 Summary of Findings 34
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
4
Executive Summary
The New Haven and Northampton Canal Greenway (NHNCG) is an 81-mile shared use path that follows the
historic north-south route of the Farmington Canal, stretching from New Haven, CT to Northampton, MA.
While currently 80% complete, planning efforts envision a continuous corridor for walking, running, and biking
with connections to urban districts, town centers, neighborhoods, and natural landscapes. The greenway
serves as a major recreational and transportation asset for the region, and a completed trail would further
enhance the benefits of the path. Using CE’s REACT input-output model, this study assesses the estimated
economic impact of the existing trail and a completed/continuous trail on the Massachusetts and
Connecticut economy. More specifically, three scenarios are assessed, representing:
• Existing: Users of the existing trail segments.
• Low Scenario: A conservative, near-term (5 years after trail completion) estimate of users of a
completed/continuous NHNCG.
• High Scenario: A longer-term (10 to 15 years after trail completion) estimate that captures the full
potential of the completed/continuous trail to attract a range of visitors through marketing campaigns,
visitor experiences, and word-of-mouth promotion. This scenario also captures the benefits of a
continuous NHNCG that connects to a completed 100-mile east-west Mass Central Rail Trail (MCRT)
connecting Northampton, MA to Boston, MA.1
The current (existing) trail segments attract an estimated 800,000 user days each year. The two future
scenarios estimate trail usage at corridors that are not yet developed and give existing trail segments a boost
from the current user days as a result of increased connectivity. The low scenario estimates a
completed/continuous trail would attract 1.3 million user days each year while the high scenario
estimates 1.6 million user days annually.
These trail users spend money on food, accommodation, retail, and other items, benefitting local businesses
and the overall economy. In addition to information about spending categories, users are also disaggregated
by local, day, and overnight visitors, an important distinction because of the vastly different spending profiles
across the three groups (i.e., overnight visitors spend more money and include spending on accommodation).
In total, existing trail users spend an estimated $15.1 million each year while users of a completed trail
are estimated to spend $32.0 to $53.8 million annually.
A completed NHNCG could support
Jobs Value added Output
351 to
582 $36 to
$60 million
$68 to
$114 million
1 About 63 miles of the MCRT are currently open to the public either as improved or unimproved trails, while other segments are in active planning or
construction. For more information, see https://www.masscentralrailtrail.org/
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
5
The direct economic activity by trail users has a ripple effect through the Massachusetts and Connecticut
economies deriving from supply chain activities (indirect) and increased household income spending
(induced):
• Existing NHNCG trail users are estimated to support 166 jobs that pay $9.3 million in earnings and
generate $16.7 million in value added and $32.1 million in total output (sales).
• A continuous/completed NHNCG could support 351 to 582 jobs, earning $20.0 to $33.5 million in
wages and generating $35.7 to $60.0 million in value added and $68.4 to $114.4 million in output.
In addition to the quantitative analysis of
economic impacts discussed above, this
study also includes stakeholder
interviews with local businesses along
the existing NHNCG corridors. Each of
these businesses, along with countless
others, benefits from the existing NHNCG
corridors that pass by their respective
establishments. The case studies
demonstrate the tangible economic
impact of the NHNCG.
• Located in a refurbished railroad
depot on the Manhan Trail segment of
the NHNCG in Easthampton, MA,
Tandem Bagel is a Western Mass
favorite serving bagels, bagel
sandwiches, coffee, and more. Each
month, trail users generate thousands
of dollars in revenue for the business.
• New Horizons Bikes has been
located at the same location in
downtown Westfield, MA since 1984,
situated about two blocks away from
the local segment of the NHNCG
called the Columbia Greenway Rail
Trail. The majority of New Horizons
Bikes’ customers are recreational or
casual riders who primarily ride on the
nearby bike path.
• Congamond Coffee & Café is located
right off the Southwick Rail Trail
segment of the NHNCG. Cyclists make
up about a third of all customers (not
even including walkers on the trail)!
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
6
• The Bicycle Cellar in Simsbury, CT is celebrating its 60th anniversary at the same location, just off the
Farmington Canal Heritage Trail corridor of the NHNCG. At least 70 percent of the shop’s bicycle sales and
almost all bike rentals are primarily for use on the nearby bike trail corridor.
• The City Climb Gym in New Haven, CT offers indoor rock climbing and fitness as well as hosting birthday
parties and events. On any given day, the gym will have least five to ten bikes on the rack outside. The
option to cycle or walk to the rock gym is important because without these alternative transportation
options, City Climb would miss out on customers due to the limited parking spaces available.
This report also considers the potential economic impacts of a shared use path following the Merritt
Parkway/Route 15 corridor from New Haven to the border of Connecticut and New York in Greenwich, CT.
The corridor does not have any existing path infrastructure, but was originally designed with space to
accommodate bike and pedestrian paths. If the Merritt Parkway/Route 15 shared use path corridor were
constructed, it could attract an estimated 1.4 to 1.9 million user days each year and generate $37.3 to $61.0
million in direct annual spending. This spending would ripple through the Connecticut economy, supporting
396 to 643 jobs, earning $20.9 to $34.3 million in wages and generating $40.7 to $66.6 million in value added
and $75.1 to $122.7 million in output.
One additional economic impact analysis is completed as part of this study, combining a continuous NHNCG
with a completed Merritt Parkway/Route 15 bike/pedestrian trail. This 130-mile continuous path would
attract multi-day and overnight trips and provide new access to recreational and active transportation
opportunities for thousands of people. Like the NHNCG and Merritt Parkway/Route 15 analysis, both low and
high scenarios are provided for this assessment. In total, the combined corridor would receive an estimated
3.0 to 3.8 million user days each year and generate $77.9 to $132.2 million in direct annual spending. This
spending would support 845 to 1,417 jobs in Connecticut and Massachusetts, earning $48.1 to $81.8 million in
wages and generating $86.7 to $147.4 million in value added and $165.5 to $280.2 million in output.
For decades, these trail corridors have been envisioned, planned, and advocated for, yet they remain
incomplete. Each year the trails remain unfinished represents a missed opportunity for the states of
Massachusetts and Connecticut. Communities, businesses, and residents are forgoing the significant
economic benefits that completed off-road trails can bring, from increased tourism and local spending to job
and business growth. Beyond the economic case outlined in this report, the states also lose out on the
property value benefits and health, environmental, and quality-of-life improvements that come with
safe, accessible active transportation networks. This report also does not consider the one-time impacts
from construction spending associated with builing new trail corridors.
Evidence of Property Value Impacts
While beyond the scope of this report, there is evidence that shared use paths also benefit residents
and municipalities through increased property values. A 2019 study reviewed 20 research papers
examining the impacts of multi-use trails on nearby property values. While there were outliers with
positive premiums as high as 15 percent, the most widespread outcome for single-family homes
located near a trail was a positive premium of 3 to 5 percent. These property value benefits also
generate additional tax revenues for local municipalities.
Source: Crompton and Nicholls, 2019. The Impact of Greenways and Trails on Proximate Property Values: An Updated Review.
https://doi.org/10.18666/JPRA-2019-9906
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
7
1 Overview and Introduction
The New Haven Northampton Canal Greenway (NHNCG) is
an 81-mile north-south shared use path that follows the
historic route of the Farmington Canal, stretching from
New Haven, CT to Northampton, MA. As shown in Table 1.1,
each trail segment within the corridor has its own local
name familiar to many riders; however, collectively these
segments are known as the NHNCG. About 65 miles of the
trail have been completed (80 percent) while the
remaining 16 miles are incomplete (see Figure 1.1 and Table
1.1). Current gaps in the trail include segments in
Southampton, MA; parts of Westfield, MA; Plainville, CT;
and parts of Southington and New Haven, CT. The
Southampton/Westfield segment is slated to be completed
by the early 2030s while the Plainville/Southington
section has a 2030 completion date and New Haven
segments should be completed in late 2026. As a result,
the entire north-south corridor is expected to be
completed in about five to six years.
The NHNCG offers multiple linkages to connecting multi-
use trails, including
• Mass Central Rail Trail - A partially complete east-west
rail trail stretching over 100 miles from Northampton,
MA to Boston, MA along the former Massachusetts
Central Railroad.
• East Coast Greenway – A semi-complete trail
connecting 15 states and 450 cities and towns for
3,000 miles from Maine to Florida. The East Coast
Greenway shares the same path as the NHNCG for 47
miles from New Haven to Simsbury.
• Farmington River Trail – A 17-mile combination of paved
multi-use off-road sections and on-road sections,
which connects to the Farmington Canal Heritage Trail
section of the NHNCG at both the northern and
southern ends.
• Westfield River Multi-Use Path - A 2-mile multi-use
path that is currently under construction and will run
along the south side of the Westfield River.2
2 New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway, Connecting Trails. https://sites.google.com/view/nhncg/connecting-trails
Figure 1.1 Existing and Planned NHNCG Trail
Source: Cambridge Econometrics
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
8
The existing NHNCG trail serves as a major recreational and transportation asset for the region, and advocates
envision a continuous corridor for active transportation with connections to urban centers, neighborhoods,
and natural landscapes.
Table 1.1 NHNCG Trail Segment Overview
Trail Segment Local Trail Name Trail Status
Total
Length
(miles)
Complete
Length
(miles)
Incomplete
Length
(miles)
Percent
Complete
Northampton, MA Norwottuck Rail Trail Complete 3.5 3.5 100%
Easthampton, MA Manhan Rail Trail Complete 3.7 3.7 100%
Southampton, MA Southampton Greenway In progress 3.9 0 3.9 0%
Westfield, MA Columbia Greenway Rail Trail In progress 7.4 2.6 4.8 35%
Southwick, MA Southwick Rail Trail Complete 6.2 6.2 100%
Suffield, CT Farmington Canal Heritage Trail Complete 1.2 1.2 100%
Granby, CT Farmington Canal Heritage Trail Complete 1.1 1.1 100%
East Granby, CT Farmington Canal Heritage Trail Complete 5.3 5.3 100%
Simsbury, CT Farmington Canal Heritage Trail Complete 7.5 7.5 100%
Avon, CT Farmington Canal Heritage Trail Complete 4.7 4.7 100%
Farmington, CT Farmington Canal Heritage Trail Complete 4.8 4.8 100%
Plainville, CT Farmington Canal Heritage Trail In progress 5.3 0 5.3 0%
Southington, CT Farmington Canal Heritage Trail In progress 6.6 5.9 0.7 89%
Cheshire, CT Farmington Canal Heritage Trail Complete 7.1 7.1 100%
Hamden, CT Farmington Canal Heritage Trail Complete 9.5 9.5 100%
New Haven, CT Farmington Canal Heritage Trail In progress 3.4 1.9 1.5 56%
TOTAL 81.2 65.0 16.2 80%
This report assesses the economic impacts of the existing NHNCG trail corridors as well as the potential
impacts of a continuous NHNCG. This study focuses on impacts associated with visitor spending and does
not consider property value impacts or environmental, health, or other quality of life benefits of the trail (and
thus likely understates the total impacts and benefits of the trail). The study considers direct spending
impacts from trail users as well as the ripple effects of that spending throughout the bi-state Connecticut and
Massachusetts economy. This analysis uses Cambridge Econometrics’ (CE) REACT input-output model to
assess these broader economic impacts. Three scenarios are assessed, representing:
• Existing: Users of the existing trail.
• Low Scenario: A conservative, near-term (5 years after trail completion) estimate of users at a continuous
NHNCG. The timeline for the low scenario allows for the existing gaps in the NHNCG to be completed.
• High Scenario: A longer-term (10 to 15 years after trail completion) estimate that captures the full potential
of the completed trail to attract a range of visitors through marketing campaigns (in partnership with
regional tourism councils), visitor experiences, and word-of-mouth promotion. This high scenario considers
the potential for new businesses to establish along the trail over time, and for the community to coordinate
to create a full tourism package, like was done with the Vermont Inn to Inn Walking Tour or the Great
Allegheny Passage. This scenario also captures the benefits of a NHNCG that connects to a completed
100-mile Mass Central Rail Trail connecting Northampton, MA to Boston, MA.
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
9
In addition to the quantitative economic impact
analysis, this study also includes a qualitative
assessment of the economic development impacts
of the NHNCG based on interviews with five local
business owners. The businesses represent a
variety of industries, including bicycle repair and
retail, bakery and café, and a fitness center. These
short case studies are intended to help articulate
how businesses directly benefit from the NHNCG
through enhanced connectivity, tourism activity
and consumer spending, and customer access to
nearby commercial areas. Completing the 81-mile
trail would further boost these business benefits,
encourage more multi-day trips (and overnight
stays), and provide new economic development
opportunities.
In addition to the assessment of the NHNCG, this
report includes an economic impact analysis of a
potential 50-mile shared use path along the Merritt
Parkway/Route 15 from Hamden, CT to the
Connecticut-New York border in Greenwich, CT (see
Figure 1.2). The Merritt Parkway, a scenic limited-
access expressway, features rolling hills, dramatic
rock outcrops and forests that blossom each spring.
Unlike the NHNCG, this corridor does not link city
and town centers and instead runs along the
northern, less populated half of most of the coastal
towns it traverses. While expanding this corridor to
include a shared use path is still very much a
conceptual idea, when the Merritt Parkway was
constructed, a swath of land approximately 300 feet wide was purchased.3 This right-of-way area is wide
enough to accommodate a shared use path along the scenic roadway and would provide easy connection
and recreation opportunities for residents in Greater New York City.
This right-of-way access has attracted advocates of active transportation trails for decades. In 1994, the
Regional Plan Association (RPA) Connecticut Office conducted a Preliminary Feasibility Study of the Potential
for Bicycle and Pedestrian Paths finding that much of the undeveloped, southerly right-of-way is suitable for
a shared use trail.4 A few years later, the group conducted another study, Merritt Parkway Trail Demonstration
Project (Landscape Study for a Proposed Bicycle and Pedestrian Path), which details the improvements,
permits, and processes necessary to build a continuous trail following the Parkway. Bringing back to life this
previous work, this analysis estimates users of this potential new trail, providing a low and a high estimate to
account for uncertainty of future use, and completes an economic impact analysis using REACT.
3 Regional Planning Association https://rpa.org/work/reports/merritt-parkway-trail-study.
4 Merritt Parkway Trail Study. 1994. https://rpa.org/work/reports/merritt-parkway-trail-study
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
10
Figure 1.2 Merritt Parkway/Route 15 Map
Source: Cambridge Econometrics
Note: This map is for illustrative purposes only; the exact route of the Merritt Parkway/Route 15 corridor has not yet been determined.
To provide a complete picture of the economic potential of these trail corridors, the economic impact analysis
also includes a scenario combining a continuous NHNCG with a completed Merritt Parkway/Route 15 trail. This
130-mile continuous off-road corridor would attract multi-day and overnight trips and provide new access to
recreational and active transportation opportunities for thousands of people. Like the NHNCG and Merritt
Parkway/Route 15 analysis, both low and high scenarios are provided for this assessment.
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
11
Figure 1.3 NHNCG and Merritt Parkway/Route 15 Map
Source: Cambridge Econometrics
Note: This map is for illustrative purposes only; the exact route of the Merritt Parkway/Route 15 corridor has not yet been determined.
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
12
2 Data and Methodology
2.1. Data
The two main data elements required for the economic
impact study are:
• Number of user days per year for the trail segments
• Spending per user day for different categories of
users
User days represent the cumulative number of days
that people spend on the trail within a given year. For
example, a person who uses the bike path in
Easthampton, MA five days per year would count as five
user days. User days are estimated based on trail
counter data when available. Pedestrian and bicycle
counter data were provided from Pioneer Valley
Planning Commission (PVPC), Friends of the Columbia Greenway Rail Trail, and the University of Connecticut’s
Connecticut Trail Census. The Connecticut Trail Census was particularly informative, providing up-to-date
monthly trail counter data for almost every city/town along the Connecticut segments of the NHNCG.5 Raw
counter data was adjusted down by about 40 to 50 percent to account for double counting (i.e., a biker
passing the same counter twice on the same ride should only be counted once). However, this may lead to an
underestimation of total trail use because some trail users make a loop and therefore do not pass the same
counter twice and many trail users may never pass by a counter on their trip. This conservative assumption
helps ensure the results are credible, defensible, and not overstated. Counter values from months with
available data are annualized and seasonally adjusted (e.g., less usage in the winter). If no counter data are
available, estimates are derived using adjacent trail segments adjusted based on town/city population. Lack
of trail recent and reliable counter data for some segments of the trail, particularly in Massachusetts, was a
limitation of this study.
Next, the average spending is estimated for a typical day using the trail. In Massachusetts, these estimates
are based on the 2023 Massachusetts Economic Impact of Visitors report which provides county-level visitor
spending by category for Hampshire and Hampden Counties in Massachusetts. In Connecticut, the 2023
Economic Impact of Visitors in Connecticut serves as the main source for visitor spending. In both states,
spending estimates are disaggregated by category, including accommodations, food, art and entertainment,
retail, and transportation. Separate estimates are also provided for day and overnight user. One additional user
group was also added to this analysis: local users. Spending estimates for local users are based on the MCRT
Economic Impact Study,6 which included a survey of users, and adjusted slightly for inflation and the local
context. Distinguishing between these user types is important because spending profiles vary substantially
across the three groups (i.e., overnight visitors spend more money and include spending on accommodation).
5 Connecticut Trail Census https://cttrails.uconn.edu/ct_trail_census/.
6 2023 Mass Central Rail Trail Benefits Study https://www.norwottucknetwork.org/the-report.
Reliable and up-to-date trail
counter data are critical to
assess the use and impacts of
local trails. The Connecticut Trail
Census provided valuable data on
trail use for a variety of locations,
supporting this report and helping
communities and researchers plan,
maintain, and advocate for trails
more effectively.
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
13
Combining trail users with user spending, total spending estimates are computed by sector. A step-by-step
overview of this estimation process and the values derived is provided in the Trail Users and User Spending
section.
2.2. Economic Impact Methodology
Total trail user spending estimates by sector serve as the key inputs for the economic impact analysis. The
impact analysis uses CE’s REACT model to estimate the broader economic effects the NHNCG and Merritt
Parkway/Route 15 shared use paths have on the Massachusetts and Connecticut economy. REACT is an
input-output modeling tool that provides comprehensive and tailored quantitative assessment of how local
and regional economies react to policy, investment, or industry activity. The model estimates direct, indirect,
and induced effects (often known as multiplier effects), as described in the figure below, shedding light on the
supply chain and spending impacts that ripple through the economy.
Figure 2.1 Direct, Indirect, and Induced Impacts
As an economic impact model, REACT is, at its core, a tool for input-output analysis, providing detail on 166
industry sectors. For any given economic activity or investment (the direct impacts), REACT generates
estimates of the wider impacts, based on a sectoral depiction of a region’s economy, as represented by input-
output tables. These wider impacts capture:
• Local supply chains and import linkages, recognizing that local areas are rarely self-sufficient in productive
capabilities, leading to region-specific indirect economic impacts, through those supply chains
• Employment and income, leading to induced economic impacts as a result of income-expenditure effects
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
14
Figure 2.2 shows the core economic logic in REACT, demonstrating how economic activity flows through the
economy to produce ripple effects.7
Figure 2.2 REACT Model Economic Logic
To assess the economic impacts of the NHNCG and Merritt Parkway/Route 15 corridors, the process starts
with spending estimates by industry sector. The derivation of these estimates is described in the Trail Users
and User Spending section. Spending by industry serves as the model input and is run through the REACT
model to estimate the broader economic effects that stem from the trails. In this way, the model has an
integrated set of output, value added, employment, and wages by industry sector, informed and customized
using Massachusetts and Connecticut data from Mass Economics Data-Fab (unsuppressed employment and
wages data), the US Census Non-employer Statistics (self-employed workers), and the US Bureau of
Economic Analysis (value added/GDP by industry).
7 For more information on the REACT model and to read the technical documentation, visit https://www.camecon.com/react.
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
15
3 Trail Users and User Spending
3.1. NHNCG
As shown in Table 3.1, the current (existing) trail segments
attract an estimated 800,000 user days each year. Two
scenarios estimate trail usage for a future year with a
completed/continuous NHNCG. These scenarios:
• Estimate user days at corridors that are not yet developed
(e.g., Southampton and Plainville) based on nearby trail
segments and local populations.
• Give existing trail segments a boost from the current user days as a result of increased connectivity and
the ability to travel longer distances on the trail.
The low scenario, which represents a conservative, near-term (5 years after trail completion) estimate of users
at a continuous NHNCG, boosts existing user days by 20 percent. Alternatively, the longer-term (10 to 15 years
after trail completion) high scenario, which captures the full potential of the completed trail to attract a range
of visitors through marketing campaigns, visitor experiences, and word-of-mouth promotion, boosts existing
user days by 50 percent. In total, the low scenario estimates 1.3 million user days each year, representing a
60 percent increase from existing user days, while the high scenario estimates 1.6 million user days on the
NHNCG (a 100 percent increase).8
Figure 3.1 NHNCG User Days by Scenario and County/Planning Region
Source: Cambridge Econometrics based on trail counter data from Pioneer Valley Planning Commission (PVPC), Friends of the Columbia Greenway Rail
Trail, and the Connecticut Trail Census.
8 For context, the 2023 Mass Central Rail Trail Benefits Study estimates 1.3 million users at the current MCRT segments.
https://www.norwottucknetwork.org/the-report
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
Hampshire
County, MA
Hampden County,
MA
Capitol Region,
CT
Naugatuck Valley,
CT
South Central
Regional, CT
User Days
Existing Trail Usage Completed Trail Usage - Low Completed Trail Usage - High
User days represent the
cumulative number of days that
people spend on the trail within a
given year. For example, a person
who uses the bike path five days
per year would count as five user
days.
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
16
One other difference between the existing, low, and high scenarios is the share of user days under each user
type (i.e., local user, day visitor, or overnight visitor). Distinguishing between these three types of visitors is
important because each visitor type is associated with a distinct spending profile. For example, overnight
visitors tend to spend more than local or day visitors, and their spending includes accommodations such as
camping or hotel nights. The current trail, which has significant gaps and is not heavily advertised, is assumed
to receive a small share of overnight trips (only about 1 percent of all user days, as shown in Table 3.1).
Alternatively, the completed trail scenarios are assumed to receive a higher share of overnight visitors (3
percent in the low scenario and 7 percent in the high). Similarly, the share of day visitors increases when the
trail is completed and more actively promoted. These assumptions are consistent with those used in the
MCRT study, assessing a similar incomplete corridor.9
Table 3.1 Share and Number of User Days by User Type
Visitor type
Share of User Days Total User Days
Existing
Trail
Completed
Trail - Low
Completed
Trail - High
Existing
Trail
Completed
Trail - Low
Completed
Trail - High
Overnight
Visitors 1.0% 3.0% 7.0% 8,000 38,500 112,200
Day Visitors 10.0% 12.5% 15.0% 80,000 160,300 240,500
Local Users 89.0% 84.5% 78.0% 712,200 1,083,900 1,250,700
TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 800,200 1,282,700 1,603,400
The next step in the economic analysis is to
estimate the average amount spent per user
day for each of the different user types. These
spending data are based on the 2023
Massachusetts Economic Impact of Visitors
and 2023 Economic Impact of Visitors in
Connecticut reports. As shown in Figure 3.2,
overnight visitors spend substantially more
than day or local users, largely due to
spending on accommodations, which has an
average cost per person per day of $50.10 In
total, overnight visitors spend an estimated
$154 per day while day visitors spend $93 and
local visitors spend about $9 per day on the
trail.
9 2023 Mass Central Rail Trail Benefits Study https://www.norwottucknetwork.org/the-report.
10 This estimate includes all accommodation types, including hotels, rentals, and camping. Because it is a per-day estimate, a single person on a one-
night/two-day trip would spend an estimated $100.
The Three NHNCG Scenarios
Existing: Users of the existing trail segments
Low Scenario: A conservative, near-term (5 years
after trail completion) estimate of users at a
continuous NHNCG
High Scenario: A longer-term (10 to 15 years after
trail completion) estimate that captures the full
potential of the completed trail to attract a range
of visitors, and also captures the benefits of a
NHNCG that connects to a completed 100-mile
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
17
Figure 3.2 Spending per User Day by Spending Category
Source: Cambridge Econometrics spending data from 2023 Massachusetts Economic Impact of Visitors and the 2023 Economic Impact of Visitors in
Connecticut reports.
Multiplying these spending profiles by the corresponding number of user days yields the total spending by
NHNCG users, as shown in Table 3.2. In total, users to the existing trail segments are estimated to spend
$15.1 million per year in Massachusetts and Connecticut, including $4.0 million on food services and $3.7
million on retail. If the NHNCG trail were completed, the states could expect between $32.0 million and
$53.8 million in total spending by trail users (an increase of $17.0 million to $38.7 million as compared
to the existing trail).
Table 3.2 Spending by NHNCG Users by Spending Category
Spending Category Existing Trail Completed Trail -
Low
Completed Trail -
High
Accommodations $400,500 $2,092,400 $6,102,900
Food Service $3,999,100 $7,822,600 $12,303,700
Food Stores $2,110,200 $3,891,900 $5,924,000
Arts, Entertainment & Recreation $2,793,500 $6,545,600 $11,120,100
Retail Sales $3,706,400 $7,334,400 $11,422,700
Local Transit & Gas $2,061,200 $4,357,400 $6,943,300
TOTAL $15,071,000 $32,044,300 $53,816,700
Source: Cambridge Econometrics based on trail counter data from Pioneer Valley Planning Commission (PVPC), Friends of the Columbia Greenway Rail
Trail, and the Connecticut Trail Census and spending data from 2023 Massachusetts Economic Impact of Visitors and the 2023 Economic Impact of
Visitors in Connecticut reports.
$50
$27
$13
$27 $24
$13
$22
$8
$28
$19 $16
$3 $2 <$1 $3 $1
$0
$10
$20
$30
$40
$50
$60
Accommodations Food Service Food Stores Arts, Ent. & Rec. Retail Sales Local Tran. & Gas
Overnight Day Local
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
18
These direct spending estimates by industry serve as the key input to the REACT model for the NHNCG
economic impact analysis. The results of that assessment are described in the next chapter.
3.2. Merritt Parkway/Route 15
The Merritt Parkway/Route 15 corridor does not
currently include a shared use path. As such, the
estimation of users for a potential future path in
this potential corridor is all derived from data on
the NHNCG user days per local resident. The
NHNCG user days per town resident is applied to
residents in towns along the Merritt
Parkway/Route 15 corridor for both the low and
high scenario (corresponding to the low and high
NHNCG scenarios user days per local resident).
While an imperfect estimation technique, it is the
best available given the high level of uncertainty
around future use of a trail corridor that does not
yet exist. These estimates are built around the
assumption that the NHNCG trail is completed.
Multiple factors could lead to higher or lower per person trail use along this corridor and this method balances
some of these factors. For example, these Merritt Parkway/Route 15 user days estimates could be:
• Overestimates, because the Merritt Parkway/Route 15 does not connect city/town centers in the same way
as the NHNCG which would lower trail use.
• Underestimates, because they do not explicitly consider the close proximity of large population centers
including New York City, NY (population 8.5 million) which is within an hour drive of the trail and Bridgeport,
CT (population 152,000) which is just south of the corridor (and Connecticut’s largest city).
As shown in Table 3.4, if the Merritt Parkway/Route 15 corridor were constructed as a shared use path, it
could attract an estimated 1.4 to 1.9 million user days each year.
Table 3.3 Merritt Parkway/Route 15 User Days by Scenario
CT Planning Region Trail Usage - Low Trail Usage - High
South Central Regional 199,600 249,500
Greater Bridgeport/Metropolitan 400,700 500,900
Western CT 893,700 1,117,100
TOTAL 1,494,000 1,867,500
The same portion of local, day, and overnight visitors as the NHNCG low and high scenarios is assumed for
this corridor, leading to a total of 45,000 to 131,000 overnight user days, 187,000 to 280,000 day user days,
and 1.3 million to 1.5 million local user days each year.
The Two Merrit Parkway/Route 15
Scenarios
Low Scenario: A conservative, 5-year post
completion estimate of users of a Merritt
Parkway/Route 15 shared use trail connecting to a
completed NHNCG
High Scenario: A longer-term (15+ year) estimate
that captures the full potential of the trail to attract
a range of visitors through marketing campaigns,
visitor experiences, and word-of-mouth promotion
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
19
Figure 3.3 Merritt Parkway/Route 15 User Days by User Type
Like the NHNCG, the user days by user type are multiplied by the corresponding spending profiles to estimate
total spending by Merritt Parkway/Route 15 trail users. 11 In total, the trail is estimated to support $37.3 to
$61.0 million in annual spending. Given the limited number of existing restaurants, cafes, retail shops, and
other businesses along the existing corridor, these longer-term scenarios assume increased business activity
along the trail and a more complete tourism package, including inns, hotels, and campsites, restaurants,
cafes, retail, entertainment and more.
Table 3.4 Spending by Merritt Parkway/Route 15 Trail Users by Spending Category
Spending Category Low High
Accommodations $2,134,900 $6,226,900
Food Service $9,291,600 $14,090,100
Food Stores $4,919,400 $7,120,000
Arts, Ent. & Rec. $8,023,100 $13,891,900
Retail Sales $8,186,600 $12,119,800
Local Tran. & Gas $4,712,300 $7,576,300
TOTAL $37,267,900 $61,025,000
Source: Cambridge Econometrics based on spending data the 2023 Economic Impact of Visitors in Connecticut report and 2023 US Census ACS
Median Household Income.
11 To account for the relatively wealthy population living in the towns surrounding the corridor in the Western Connecticut Planning Region (formerly
Fairfield County), the Connecticut spending profile from the 2023 Economic Impact of Visitors in Connecticut reports was adjusted (increased) slightly
for that county. This adjustment was based on the median household income in that county compared to the state.
44,800
186,700
1,262,400
130,700
280,100
1,456,600
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
Overnight Visitors Day Visitors Local Users
User Days
Low High
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
20
These direct spending estimates by industry serve as the key input to the REACT model for the Merritt
Parkway/Route 15 shared use path economic impact analysis. The results of that assessment are described in
the next chapter.
3.3. Combined NHNCG and Merritt Parkway/Route 15
The combined NHNCG and Merritt Parkway/Route 15 scenarios take the user days from the NHNCG and
Merritt Parkway/Route 15 high and low scenarios and combine them into one continuous corridor analysis.
Because the Merritt Parkway/Route 15 analysis already assumes the NHNCG corridor is completed, the user
estimates for that segment do not change. To account for a longer (130-mile) continuous trail corridor, the
NHNCG user day estimates are estimated to receive a modest boost. For the northern NHNCG trail segments
from Northampton, MA to Avon, CT, user days are assumed to increase by 15 percent. The southern portion of
the NHNCG from Farmington to New Haven, CT is assumed to see a larger increase (25 percent) because it is
closer to the Merritt Parkway/Route 15 intersection. In total, the combined corridor could receive an
estimated 3.0 to 3.8 million user days each year.
Figure 3.4 Combined NHNCG and Merritt Parkway/Route 15 User Days by Scenario and County/Planning Region
Source: Cambridge Econometrics based on trail counter data from Pioneer Valley Planning Commission (PVPC), Friends of the Columbia Greenway Rail
Trail, and the Connecticut Trail Census.
Because the continuous combined trail would span over 130 miles, there would be more opportunity for
overnight trips. An estimated 5 to 10 percent of user days would be overnight visits (compared to 3 to 7
percent for the NHNCG trail scenarios), leading to a total of 152,000 to 379,000 overnight user days (see Table
3.5). As discussed, overnight users spend substantially more than day or local visitors and therefore have a
relatively large economic impact.
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
Hampshire
County, MA
Hampden
County, MA
Capitol
Region, CT
Naugatuck
Valley, CT
South
Central
Regional, CT
Greater
Bridgeport/
Metropolitan,
CT
Western CT
User Days
Trail Usage - Low Trail Usage - High
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
21
Table 3.5 Share and Number of User Days by User Type
Visitor type Share of User Days Total User Days
Low High Low High
Overnight Visitors 5% 10% 151,800 379,400
Day Visitors 10% 12% 303,500 455,300
Local Users 85% 78% 2,579,900 2,959,300
TOTAL 100% 100% 3,035,200 3,794,000
In total, the 3.0 to 3.8 million users days would lead to $77.9 to $132.2 million in annual spending, as
shown in Table 3.6. These user spending estimates by spending category serve as the key inputs to the
REACT model.
Table 3.6 Spending by NHNCH and Merritt Parkway/Route 15 Combined Trail Users by Spending Category
Spending Category Low High
Accommodations $7,712,100 $19,280,400
Food Service $18,618,000 $29,283,300
Food Stores $9,697,300 $14,611,400
Arts, Ent. & Rec. $15,328,800 $27,093,900
Retail Sales $16,945,500 $26,190,900
Local Tran. & Gas $9,603,700 $15,710,900
TOTAL $77,905,400 $132,170,700
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
22
Bike Trail Marketing and Promotion – Attracting Visitors
Marketing, promotion, and user-friendly travel packages are essential to realize the full
economic development potential of a long-distance multi-use trail. As noted throughout this
report, the largest economic impact of trail users comes from out-of-town visitors, in particular
visits that include overnight stays with more substantial spending on food, restaurants, retail,
and accommodations (hotels, inns, campsites). There are many examples of how bike and
longer-distance shared use paths can be marketed and promoted, but a successful campaign
generally consists of both a strong website and social media presence, along with organized
and easily searchable travel packages. Sometimes known as inn to inn, these trips allow visitors
to bike the trail for multiple days with organized overnight stays at inns near the trail and travel
logistics to safely move their luggage. Successful examples from the US and Europe include:
Great Allegheny Passage and C&O Canal Towpath
Two of the most popular and frequently visited long-distance shared use paths (with emphasis
on cycling) are located in Pennsylvania and Maryland. The Great Allegheny Passage is a 150-
mile trail that connects from Cumberland, MD to Pittsburgh, PA and is estimated to generate
roughly $120 million per year in economic impacts. The C&O Canal Towpath is a 184-mile long
trail from Washington, DC to Cumberland, MD (thus connecting with the Allegheny Passage).
Both of these trails have impressive websites highlighting things to do along the trail, historic
landmarks, places to stay, resources to plan a trip, etc. For example, the Allegheny Passage has
identified Trail Towns to help facilitate visits and multi-day trips.
Vermont Inn to Inn Bicycling and Hiking
As a New England example, websites and travel companies support and organize multi-day
cycling and hiking/walking trips in Vermont. Leveraging the state’s stunning scenery, charming
small towns, and large number of inns and bed & breakfasts (B&B), these services are great
examples of promotion with overnight accommodations, custom trips and maps, travel
logistics, luggage services, and dining options.
United Kingdom (UK) and European Inn to Inn Bicycling Trips
The UK and Europe are leaders at organizing and promoting multi-day bicycle trips for
vacations and tourism. Locations like the UK and Italy have many cycling-focused vacation
options that are geared towards combining bicycling, scenery, and tourism (hotels, restaurants,
shopping, etc.) Currently, companies with a significant presence in the US, do not advertise
cycling tour trips in Massachusetts or Connecticut, creating an opportunity for the NHNCG
moving forward.
The tourist packages and scale of services highlighted here are currently not available in
Massachusetts or Connecticut and represent a tangible opportunity stemming from a
continuous trail system.
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
23
4 Economic Impacts
The direct economic activity and spending by trail users have a ripple effect through the Massachusetts and
Connecticut economies deriving from supply chain activities (indirect) and increased household income
(induced). This chapter outlines the total economic impact associated with user spending at the NHNCG,
Merritt Parkway/Route 15 corridor trail, and a combined continuous trail.
4.1. NHNCG
As discussed above, in addition to the existing NHNCG trail analysis, a low and high range of spending
estimates and impacts are provided due to uncertainty about future trail use. The current direct spending at
the existing NHNCG trail segments totals $15.1 million while the low and high scenarios total $32.0 and $53.8
million, respectively. As show in Table 4.1, economic impacts include:
• Direct spending at the existing NHNCG trail supports 166 jobs that pay $9.3 million in earnings and
generate $16.7 million in value added and $32.1 million in total output.
• A continuous/completed NHNCG could support 351 to 582 jobs, earning $20.0 to $33.5 million in wages
and generating $35.7 to $60.0 million in value added and $68.4 to $114.4 million in output.
Table 4.1 Economic Impacts of the NHNCG to Massachusetts and Connecticut
Direct
Economic
Activity
Indirect
Impact
Induced
Impact
Total
Impact
Existing
Employment 113 22 31 166
Earnings (millions) $4.82 $2.07 $2.37 $9.27
Value Added (millions) $7.93 $4.21 $4.58 $16.71
Output (millions) $15.07 $7.58 $9.49 $32.14
Low
Employment 238 46 67 351
Earnings (millions) $10.47 $4.42 $5.08 $19.96
Value Added (millions) $17.02 $8.88 $9.80 $35.70
Output (millions) $32.04 $16.01 $20.32 $68.37
High
Employment 393 77 112 582
Earnings (millions) $17.57 $7.39 $8.50 $33.46
Value Added (millions) $28.87 $14.75 $16.39 $60.02
Output (millions) $53.82 $26.63 $33.99 $114.44
Source: Cambridge Econometrics’ REACT model
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
24
These economic impacts include both Massachusetts and Connecticut as one combined region. REACT was
also run for each individual state to evaluate the distribution of impacts between the two. It is important to
note, however, that the combined Massachusetts-Connecticut region is greater than the sum of the
Massachusetts and Connecticut individual results because it captures interstate trade and supply-chain
linkages (i.e., the goods, services, and labor that flow between the two states) which generate additional
rounds of spending and economic activity that aren’t counted when each state is analyzed separately.
As shown in Figure 4.1 Connecticut, which contains the majority of the trail, has relatively larger economic
impacts than Massachusetts, particularly for the existing trail corridor.
• The current trail corridor supports 102 jobs in Connecticut that pay $5.3 million in wages and generate
$10.4 million in value added and $19.3 million in output.
• A completed trail would supports 188 to 306 jobs in Connecticut that pay $9.9 to $16.3 million in wages
and generate $19.3 to $31.7 million in value added and $35.7 to $58.3 million in output.
Alternatively, Massachusetts makes up just over a third of the total economic impact of the current NHNCG.
While completing the trail would increase the economic impacts to both states, Massachusetts would
experience a larger increase, accounting for over 40 percent of the economic impacts of a completed trail.
• The current trail corridor supports 59 jobs in Massachusetts that pay $3.3 million in wages and generate
$5.7 million in value added and $11.3 million in output.
• A completed trail would supports 154 to 262 jobs in Massachusetts that pay $8.7 to $14.9 million in
wages and generate $15.1 to $26.1 million in value added and $29.6 to $50.9 million in output.
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
25
Figure 4.1 NHNCG Economic Impacts by State
Source: Cambridge Econometrics’ REACT model
Note: The Combined MA-CT region is greater than the sum of the Massachusetts and Connecticut individual results because it captures interstate
trade and supply-chain linkages (i.e., the goods, services, and labor that flow between the two states) which generate additional rounds of spending
and economic activity that aren’t counted when each state is analyzed separately.
59 154
262
102 188
306
166
351
582
0
200
400
600
800
Existing Low High
Total Employment
Total Employment
Massachusetts Connecticut Combined MA-CT
$6 $15 $26
$10 $19
$32
$17
$36
$60
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
Existing Low High
Total Value Added (millions)
Total Value Added
Massachusetts Connecticut Combined MA-CT
$11 $30 $51
$19 $36
$58
$32
$68
$114
$0
$50
$100
$150
Existing Low High
Total Output (millions)
Total Output
Massachusetts Connecticut Combined MA-CT
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
26
Completing the NHNCG would enhance the economic impact of the trail by:
• Encouraging longer distance and multi-day trips
• Making new corridors available for use
• Providing additional opportunities for economic development along the trail as the region develops a more
complete tourist package centered around active transportation
Table 4.2 reflects the economic impacts of these additional benefits, showing the change in outcomes
compared to the existing trail impacts. Completing the trail is estimated to increase employment by 185 to 416
workers in Massachusetts and Connecticut, paying $10.7 to $24.2 million in additional wages and generating
an additional $19.0 to $43.3 million in value added and $36.2 to $82.3 million in output.
Table 4.2 NHNCG Economic Impacts - Change from Existing
Direct
Economic
Activity
Indirect
Impact
Induced
Impact
Total
Impact
Low
Employment 125 24 36 185
Earnings (millions) $5.65 $2.35 $2.71 $10.70
Value Added (millions) $9.09 $4.67 $5.22 $18.99
Output (millions) $16.97 $8.43 $10.83 $36.23
High
Employment 280 55 81 416
Earnings (millions) $12.74 $5.32 $6.13 $24.19
Value Added (millions) $20.94 $10.54 $11.82 $43.30
Output (millions) $38.75 $19.05 $24.50 $82.30
Source: Cambridge Econometrics’ REACT model
As shown in Figure 4.2, the retail (including food stores) sector accounts for the most jobs and value added in
each scenario, followed by accommodation and food services. These impacts, along with impacts in the
transportation and arts, entertainment, and recreation sector, are driven by the high direct spending in these
industries. At the same time, additional jobs would be created in the health care and social assistance
industry as a result of indirect and induced impacts. In terms of value added, indirect and induced impacts are
strong in the real estate and finance and insurance sectors.
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
27
Figure 4.2 NHNCG Total Jobs and Value Added Impacts by Top Five Industries
Source: Cambridge Econometrics’ REACT model
4.2. Merritt Parkway/Route 15
The Merritt Parkway/Route 15 corridor analysis of a potential shared use path also includes a low and high
range of spending estimates and impacts due to uncertainty about future trail use. The direct spending at the
Merritt Parkway/Route 15 corridor is estimated to total $51.1 to $77.0 million. As show in Table 4.3, this direct
spending would support 396 to 643 jobs in Connecticut earning $20.9 to $34.3 million in wages and
generating $40.7 to $66.6 million in value added and $75.1 to $122.7 million in output.
51 37 32
10 7
101 80 75
20 15
157 138 128
32 26
0
50
100
150
200
Retail Trade & Food
Stores
Accommodation &
Food Services
Arts,
Entertainment, &
Recreation
Transportation &
Warehousing
Health Care &
Social Assistance
Employment
Employment
$4 $3 $2 $2 $1
$8 $6
$4 $4
$2
$12 $11
$7 $7
$3
$0
$2
$4
$6
$8
$10
$12
$14
Retail Trade & Food
Stores
Accommodation &
Food Services
Real Estate, Rental,
& Leasing
Arts,
Entertainment, &
Recreation
Finance &
Insurance
Value added (millions)
Value Added
Existing Low High
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
28
Table 4.3 Economic Impacts of the Merrit Parkway/Route 15 Corridor to Connecticut
Direct
Economic
Activity
Indirect
Impact
Induced
Impact
Total
Impact
Low
Employment 276 49 71 396
Earnings (millions) $11.24 $4.48 $5.18 $20.90
Value Added (millions) $20.82 $9.46 $10.41 $40.69
Output (millions) $37.27 $16.67 $21.12 $75.06
High
Employment 446 80 117 643
Earnings (millions) $18.49 $7.34 $8.48 $34.31
Value Added (millions) $34.23 $15.35 $17.04 $66.63
Output (millions) $61.02 $27.08 $34.57 $122.67
Source: Cambridge Econometrics’ REACT model
4.3. Combined NHNCG and Merritt Parkway/Route 15
Combining a completed NHNCG with a Merritt Parkway/Route 15 shared use path corridor would enhance the
economic impacts of both trail segments. The 130-mile continuous path could attract an estimated 3.0 to 3.8
million user days each year, generating $104.9 to $163.2 million in direct spending. This direct spending would
support 845 to 1,417 jobs in Connecticut and Massachusetts earning $48.1 to $81.8 million in wages and
generating $86.7 to $147.4 million in value added and $165.5 to $280.2 million in output.
Table 4.4 Economic Impacts of the Combined NHNCG and Merrit Parkway/Route 15 Corridor to Massachusetts and
Connecticut
Direct
Economic
Activity
Indirect
Impact
Induced
Impact
Total
Impact
Low
Employment 572 111 161 845
Earnings (millions) $25.15 $10.66 $12.25 $48.06
Value Added (millions) $41.65 $21.39 $23.63 $86.66
Output (millions) $77.91 $38.61 $48.99 $165.51
High
Employment 955 188 274 1,417
Earnings (millions) $42.96 $18.06 $20.78 $81.80
Value Added (millions) $71.37 $35.93 $40.08 $147.38
Output (millions) $132.17 $64.94 $83.09 $280.20
Source: Cambridge Econometrics’ REACT model
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
29
5 NHNCG Business Impacts
In addition to the quantitative analysis of economic impacts
discussed above, this study also includes brief case studies of local
businesses along the existing NHNCG corridors. Informed by
interviews with each business, the profiled businesses include:
• Tandem Bagel in Easthampton, MA
• New Horizons Bikes in Westfield, MA
• Congamond Coffee and Café in Southwick, MA
• The Bicycle Cellar in Simsbury, CT
• City Climb Gym in New Haven, CT
Each of these businesses, along with countless others, benefit from
the existing NHNCG corridors that pass by their respective
establishments and could benefit from additional visitors as a result
of a continuous/completed trail.
5.1. Tandem Bagel, Easthampton, MA
Tandem Bagel is a Western Mass favorite serving bagels, bagel
sandwiches, coffee, and more. The company’s flagship location is
located in a refurbished railroad depot on the Manhan Trail (also
part of the NHNCG) in Easthampton, MA. The company has since
expanded to locations all around Western Massachusetts, including
Hadley, Northampton, Florence, West Springfield, and Ludlow. True
to their bike-inspired name, each of these business locations is
accessible via a shared use path, though the original Easthampton
location attracts the most customers via bike or walking.
Photo provided by Tandem Bagel
Source: Cambridge Econometrics
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
30
With about 25 employees at each location, Tandem Bagel employs a total of about 160 employees. Owner
Chris Zawacki conservatively estimates that during
the week, about 5 people come into the
Easthampton location via the trail each day,
whereas on the weekend that number increases to
10 to 15 people per day. With an average ticket of
about $10 per person, that leads to thousands of
dollars per month in revenue for the business,
particularly during the months of April through
October.
If the NHNCG were completed, and particularly the
missing segments in Southampton and Westfield,
Tandem Bagel staff expect to see more local and
family bike rides that include a stop at the
Easthampton location as well as more long-
distance bike groups stopping in.
5.2. New Horizons Bikes, Westfield, MA
New Horizons Bikes has been located at the same location in Westfield, MA since 1984. The shop is situated in
downtown Westfield about two blocks away from the local segment of the NHNCG, called the Columbia
Greenway Rail Trail. While the nearby trail segment did not exist when New Horizons selected its location,
owner Don Podolski was an advocate of the trail and a member of a business association group promoting the
rail trail reuse and founder of the local Friends of the Rail Trail advocacy group. Podolski’s daughter manages
the shop as he eases into retirement and will continue its legacy after he leaves.
The shop sells a variety of bicycles, including mountain bikes, road bikes, custom builds, kids’ bikes, and e-
bikes as well as clothing and accessories. The location also does bicycle repairs and bike rentals. The majority
of New Horizons Bikes’ customers are recreational or casual riders who primarily ride on the bike path.
The business’ small fleet of rental bikes, which are almost exclusively rented for trail use, will be expanding
from six bikes to about 24 to meet customer demand. About half of all rental customers are not from the area,
and many are visiting friends locally and need an extra bike.
During the busy season from spring to late fall, the shop employs five people, whereas about three people
work during the slower winter months. A few of these employees, including Podolski, use the path to
commute to and from work.
Podolski is thrilled to have the shared use path nearby
and hopes to see more marketing and promotion of the
trail to boost its use and economic impacts. According to
the shop owner, most customers don’t realize there is a
continuous path for 33 miles to the south. He also feels
that better signage along the Westfield trail corridor to
enhance wayfinding and promote businesses in the
downtown could boost the economic impacts along the
existing and future trail segments.
Photo provided by Tandem Bagel
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
31
5.3. Congamond Coffee & Café, Southwick, MA
Congamond Coffee & Café opened in
March of 2024 and is located right off the
NHNCG segment in Southwick (also called
the Southwick Rail Trail). The café is open
every day of the week and is the only
nearby food services store on the bike path
open on Mondays. The décor is inspired by
cozy cottage and lakeside vibes (it’s located
about one block from Congamond Lakes).
In addition to coffee beverages, the café
serves pastries, breakfast, and lunch.
Although the location is ideal for attracting
walkers, runners, and cyclists, owner Pam
Sclafani says she didn’t choose it for its
proximity to the rail trail and had no idea
how important that would become for the
business. Today, she estimates that
cyclists make up about a third of all
customers (not even including walkers
on the trail)! In fact, during the roughly 20-
minute conversation between Cambridge
Econometrics and Sclafani, at least four
cyclists stopped by the café. One day a
week, a cycling group of about 10 to 15
people bike from West Hartford to
Congamond to enjoy some pastries and
beverages.
Because cyclists have become such a core
part of business at Congamond, the café
now caters to their needs. Per cyclists’
request, Congamond now sells granola, trail
mix, energy bites, and oatmeal cookies. The
café also features a large bike rack outside,
displays a bike in the shop window, and
includes a community bulletin board featuring posters for local cycling events.
Sclafani believes that completing the NHNCG trail gaps, particularly the Westfield and Southampton sections
to the north, would further enhance businesses at the café, encouraging longer trips and more group rides.
Source: Congamond Coffee & Café https://congamondcoffeecafe.com/
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
32
5.4. Bicycle Cellar, Simsbury, CT
The Bicycle Cellar in
Simsbury, CT is celebrating
its 60th anniversary at the
same location, just off the
Farmington Canal Heritage
Trail (part of the NHNCG
corridor). Owner Walter
Rochefort bought the shop
from the original owner
about five years ago after
working there as an
employee for a number of
years. Today, the shop
employs about five full-time
workers as well as a few
part-time staff during the
busy months.
The store sells new and used bikes for all ages as well as equipment
and accessories. Rochefort estimates that at least 70 to 80
percent of bicycle sales are primarily for use on the nearby bike
trail corridor. The bike path also offers the perfect opportunity for
customers to test ride the store’s vast selection of traditional and
electric bikes.
In addition, the Bicycle Cellar does repairs and tune-ups and has a
small rental fleet. Rentals are almost exclusively for use on the
nearby rail trail (it is generally store policy to rent from the location
rather than load the bikes on cars). While regular bikes rent for $35
and $50 for a half and full day, e-bikes rent for $35 an hour, $90 for a
half day, or $150 for a full day. Rochefort estimates that 70 percent of
people renting bikes are from out of town, and says that most ask for
recommendations of nearby places to eat or shop along the trail,
supporting other nearby businesses. In the coming year, Rochefort
plans to contact local Bed & Breakfasts and hotels to offer packages
allowing the inns to have rental bikes on premises or offer discounts
for guests to rent bikes.
Many people hear about the Bicycle Cellar as a result of the shop’s
signage on the rail trail. In return for allowing advertising/signage
along the route, Rochefort helps maintain a two-mile segment of the
trail. Other businesses along the trail recognize the importance of
advertising to walkers and cyclists and do the same – offering to pick
up litter along a nearby corridor in exchange for signage rights.Photo provided by the Bicycle Cellar
Photo provided by the Bicycle Cellar
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
33
5.5. City Climb Gym, New Haven, CT
The City Climb Gym in New Haven, CT has been
operating since 2012, offering indoor rock
climbing and fitness as well as hosting birthday
parties and events. The gym employs about 30
part-time staff, including many college and
graduate students from nearby Yale University.
Co-owner Erin Dest says that many employees
bike or walk to their shifts on the nearby
Farmington Canal Heritage Trail, particularly
those commuting from Yale which is about a
15-minute walk or 5- to 10- minute bike ride
from the gym. The gym also hosts Yale’s
climbing team, including practice twice a week.
Dest says that few athletes drive to practice,
and a group almost always walks or rides
together on the rail trail. On any given day,
Dest says she will find at least five to ten
bikes on the rack outside.
The option to cycle or walk to the rock gym is important because parking at the facility is limited and the small
lot often fills up. Without the alternative transportation options, City Climb would miss out on customers
due to the limited parking spaces available.
The bike path also offers an opportunity for the gym to advertise with signage, as shown in the picture above.
Many passersby on the trail see the sign and come in to check out the facility. The gym, which is located in an
old factory building, would be difficult to happen upon without this advertising opportunity.
Photo provided by City Climb Gym
Source: City Climb Gym https://www.cityclimbgym.com/
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
34
6 Summary of Findings
The existing NHNCG trail serves as a major recreational and transportation asset for the region, and
advocates envision a continuous corridor for active transportation with connections to urban centers,
neighborhoods, and natural landscapes. Using CE’s REACT input-output model, this study assesses the
economic impact of the existing NHNCG trail as well as two scenarios assessing a future
completed/continuous trail’s impact on the Massachusetts and Connecticut economy, finding:
• Existing: The existing NHNCG trail segments attract an estimated 800,000 user days each year. These
users spend an estimated $15.1 million annually, leading to a broader economic contribution to
Massachusetts and Connecticut, including 166 jobs that pay $9.3 million in earnings and generate $16.7
million in value added and $32.1 million in total output (sales).
• Low Scenario: This low scenario provides a conservative, near-term (5 years after trail completion)
estimate of users at a completed/continuous NHNCG. This scenario estimates the completed/continuous
trail would attract 1.3 million user days each year, which would generate $32.0 million in annual spending.
This direct spending would have broader economic impacts for the Massachusetts and Connecticut
economy, supporting 351 jobs earning $20.0 million, and generating $35.7 million in value added and $68.4
to million in output.
• High Scenario: A longer-term (10 to 15 years after trail completion) high estimate captures the full
potential of the completed/continuous trail to attract a range of visitors through marketing campaigns,
visitor experiences, and word-of-mouth promotion. This high scenario estimates 1.6 million user days
annually supporting an estimated $53.8 million in spending. This spending would lead to broader economic
impacts, including 582 jobs in Massachusetts and Connecticut earning $33.5 million, and generating $60.0
million in value added and $114.4 million in output.
Stakeholder interviews with local businesses along the existing NHNCG corridors further demonstrated the
tangible economic benefits of the trail. Each of these cafes, bakeries, bike shops, and fitness facilities, along
with countless other businesses, benefits from the existing NHNCG corridors that pass by their respective
establishments. Completing the NHNCG would attract more visitors, encourage longer distance and multi-day
trips, and open new corridors for economic development opportunities.
A completed NHNCG could support
Jobs Value added Output
351 to
582 $36 to
$60 million
$68 to
$114 million
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
35
This report also considers the potential economic impacts of a shared use path following the Merritt
Parkway/Route 15 corridor from New Haven to the border of Connecticut and New York in Greenwich, CT.
That corridor does not have any existing path infrastructure but was designed with space to accommodate
bike and pedestrian paths. If the Merritt Parkway/Route 15 shared use path corridor were constructed, it could
attract an estimated 1.4 to 1.9 million user days each year and generate $37.3 to $61.0 million in direct annual
spending. This spending would ripple through the Connecticut economy, supporting 396 to 643 jobs, earning
$20.9 to $34.3 million in wages and generating $40.7 to $66.6 million in value added and $75.1 to $122.7
million in output.
One additional economic impact analysis was completed as part of this study, combining a continuous
NHNCG with a completed Merritt Parkway/Route 15 trail. This 130-mile continuous path would attract
multi-day and overnight trips and provide new access to recreational and active transportation opportunities
for thousands of people. Like the NHNCG and Merritt Parkway/Route 15 analysis, both low and high scenarios
are provided for this assessment. In total, the combined corridor would receive an estimated 3.0 to 3.8 million
user days each year and generate $77.9 to $132.2 million in direct annual spending. This spending would
support 845 to 1,417 jobs in Connecticut and Massachusetts, earning $48.1 to $81.8 million in wages and
generating $86.7 to $147.4 million in value added and $165.5 to $280.2 million in output.
Takeaways Potential Next Steps
• Demonstrated Economic Value: Shared
use paths support local businesses by
increasing customer traffic and spending,
leading to broader economic effects.
• Regional Connectivity Matters: Linking
the path to other trail networks and
population centers amplifies its impact by
attracting longer-distance users and
expanding market reach (while also
enhancing rural or less vibrant
intermediate corridors).
• Economic Potential Yet to be Realized:
Gaps in the network or incomplete trail
segments limit user numbers and
spending potential. Completing and
maintaining the full corridor will unlock
greater returns.
• Promotion and Marketing are Crucial:
To realize the full potential of the
economic benefits, trails need to offer a
full tourism package and be effectively
promoted (e.g., by regional tourisms
councils/districts).
• Complete Trail Gaps: Continuous, off-road
paths can attract a higher number of users
as well as more high-spending overnight
visits than fragmented trails.
• Expand Data Collection: Prioritize user
counts and intercept surveys to monitor
trends over time and evaluate the effects of
improvements.
• Improve Wayfinding to Enhance Business
Impacts: Develop marketing materials,
signage, and partnership programs to help
businesses attract and serve trail users.
• Promote the Trails: Engage regional
tourism councils/districts to coordinate
branding and tourism promotion across the
region to position the shared use path as a
destination.
• Quantify Broader Benefits: Explore
analyses of health savings, transportation
cost reductions, property value increases,
and environmental benefits to complement
the direct economic impact.
Economic Impact Analysis of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Greenway
(NHNCG)
36
For decades, these trail corridors have been envisioned, planned, and advocated for, yet they remain
incomplete. Each year the trails remain unfinished represents a missed opportunity for the states of
Massachusetts and Connecticut. Communities, businesses, and residents are forgoing the significant
economic benefits that completed off-road trails can bring, from increased tourism and local spending to job
and business growth. Beyond the economic case outlined in this report, the states also lose out on the
property value benefits and health, environmental, and quality-of-life improvements that come with safe,
accessible active transportation networks.
Rail trails in Massachusetts and Connecticut could collaborate with regional tourism councils/districts to
promote the trails and leverage related economic development opportunities. These tourism entities are
generally organized by county or region, but there is precedent for councils formed around transportation
corridors. For example, the Mohawk Trail, a scenic byway in northwestern Massachusetts, has its own
council, the Mohawk Trail Association (see number 16 on the map). Designation as a regional tourism
council provides access to state tourism grants and marketing resources. Establishing a council or
district centered on the region’s rail trails could enhance promotion and help secure state funding for
trail-related initiatives.
Source: Mohawk Trail Visitor Guide, 2025-2026. https://www.mohawktrail.com/guidebook.
Doing Business in Simsbury – 1
Revised 11/5/2018
DOING BUSINESS IN SIMSBURY
Are you thinking about opening or relocating your business in Simsbury, CT?
We are pleased to provide this guide to assist and support you with resources
you may need throughout the various stages of starting your business.
Starting a business involves planning, financial decisions and legal compliance to get you on your way. We
highlight the steps needed to get you “open for business” by utilizing and summarizing information from
the U.S. Small Business Administration website (SBA.gov) and the Connecticut Secretary of State’s
website. Additional local information is also included.
To access this document online please visit: http://www.simsburylibrary.info/business/
Note: This document is meant to provide general information only and is not meant to be a complete
guide to creating or operating your business.
WE LOOK FORWARD TO WORKING WITH YOU!
Please contact us at any stage of your business venture.
Simsbury is unique in hosting a Business Resource Center (BRC) at the
Simsbury Public Library to assist business owners with resources and
information. The BRC is a great place to start and there are no charges for
these services. Contact the BRC Coordinator Sarah Loudenslager at (860) 658-
7663 x2107 or sarahl@simsburylibrary.info.
In addition to the Business Resource Center, you may reach out to Town of
Simsbury Town Manager Maria Capriola at (860) 658-3230 or online, Director
of Planning Mike Glidden at (860) 658-3252 or online, or contact various
departments as needed (see Resources).
The Simsbury Main Street Partnership in an award-winning, nationally
accredited not-for-profit organization. We provide business assistance,
marketing, branding, press releases and much more. You may also reach out
to Executive Director Sarah Nielsen at (860) 658-8577 or online.
The Simsbury Chamber of Commerce provides opportunities for community
involvement and service, networking and business promotion, and so much
more. You may reach out to Executive Director Lisa Gray at (860) 651-7307 or
info@simsburycoc.org.
Doing Business in Simsbury – 2
Revised 11/5/2018
CONTENTS
Plan Your Business ........................................................................................................................................ 3
1. Write a Business Plan ........................................................................................................................ 3
2. Get Business Assistance and Training ............................................................................................... 4
3. Choose a Business Location .............................................................................................................. 5
4. Finance Your Business ....................................................................................................................... 5
5. Determine the Legal Structure of Your Business .............................................................................. 6
File and Register Your Business .................................................................................................................... 6
6. Register a Business Name (“d/b/a” or “Doing Business As”) ............................................................ 6
7. Get a Federal Tax Identification Number .......................................................................................... 6
8. Register for State and Local Taxes .................................................................................................... 7
9. Obtain Business Licenses and Permits .............................................................................................. 7
10. Understand Employer Responsibilities ............................................................................................. 7
Open for Business ......................................................................................................................................... 8
Existing businesses ........................................................................................................................................ 8
Associations & Organizations.................................................................................................................... 8
Commonly asked Simsbury Zoning Questions .............................................................................................. 9
What is my property zoned for? ............................................................................................................... 9
Do I need a permit? .................................................................................................................................. 9
Are there guidelines that I need to follow for commercial and permanent signage?.............................. 9
Am I allowed to put up a temporary sign for my business or event? ..................................................... 10
Am I permitted to use my residence for personal business purposes?.................................................. 10
What do I do if the zoning regulations don’t permit me to use the property as I want to for my
business? ................................................................................................................................................. 10
Commonly asked Municipal Property Tax Questions ................................................................................. 11
As a business owner, what do I own that is subject to municipal property taxes? ................................ 11
As a business owner, am I required to report equipment that I use in the course of conducting my
business? ................................................................................................................................................. 11
How do I know the value of my property and how is the tax rate applied? .......................................... 11
When are my taxes due? ........................................................................................................................ 12
As a business owner, am I eligible for any tax incentives? ..................................................................... 12
Whom should I contact for more information concerning business incentive programs? .................... 12
Resources .................................................................................................................................................... 13
Doing Business in Simsbury – 3
Revised 11/5/2018
PLANNING YOUR BUSINESS IN SIMSBURY
1. WRITE A BUSINESS PLAN
A business plan is a tool for understanding how your business is put together. Business planning forces
you to review everything at once and make crucial decisions. It can be used to monitor progress and guide
the future of the business. In addition, a business plan helps to communicate your business to others,
including future employees or investors. If you are applying for a small business loan, business plans are
typically a required document.
For a guide of what to include in each section visit How to Write a Business Plan (SBA.gov). Parts of a
business plan generally include:
 Executive Summary – a snapshot of your business as a whole
 Company Description – what you do, how you’re different, and the markets served
 Market Analysis – research your industry, market, and competition
 Organization & Management – how your business is structured
 Service or Product Line – what do you sell and how does it benefit your customers?
 Marketing & Sales – how do you plan to market your business? What is your sales strategy?
 Funding Request – how much? How do you intend to use the funds you receive?
 Financial Projections – forecasted income statements, balance sheets, cash flow statements, etc
 Appendix – optional; include items such as a resume, permits and leases
The State of Connecticut offers additional resources, including:
 Connecticut Economic Resource Center
 Connecticut Data Collaborative
 Connecticut Small Business Development Center
Local resources include:
The Simsbury Public Library Business Resource Center is a great place to visit when researching and
creating your business plan. You will find sample business plans, templates, how-to guides, books,
resources for industry and market research, and a BRC Coordinator who is available for free and
confidential research consultations. Attend a free workshop featuring local guest speakers who are
experts in their field to help your business get started or grow. Check for upcoming events online through:
www.simsburylibrary.info.
Meet with a SCORE mentor or attend a workshop co-sponsored by SCORE at the Simsbury Public Library.
SCORE is a nonprofit association dedicated to helping small businesses get off the ground, grow and
achieve their goals through education and mentorship.
Doing Business in Simsbury – 4
Revised 11/5/2018
2. GET BUSINESS ASSISTANCE AND TRAINING
If you need to learn more about a particular aspect of starting and/or running your business, take
advantage of the resources available to you.
Federal resources with online training:
BusinessUSA’s Training Portal (business.usa.gov) -- Provides nearly 200 online classes, videos, and
chat transcripts from Federal resources to guide emerging entrepreneurs and exporters through
the basics of starting and managing a business.
Export Education (export.gov) – Provides free online video series that guides you through the
process of how to export.
SBA.gov Learning Center – Over 60 free online video tutorials related to financing, government
contracting, managing a business, marketing, and starting a business.
Local resources within 25 miles of Simsbury that provide online resources or in-person courses,
workshops, consultations, or mentoring services:
Greater Hartford SCORE Chapter – Find a mentor for free business advice, find a local workshop,
or access webinars or on-demand courses online (Hartford, CT).
CTSBDC – Access to no-cost advising services, virtual consultations, in-person workshops and
events, and webinars and recordings (Simsbury, CT and Greater Hartford area).
Simsbury Public Library Business Resource Center – Free programs related to business topics,
computer and technology classes, online resources, and assistance from a trained business
librarian or from SCORE mentors who offer free, confidential mentoring at the Library (Simsbury,
CT).
University of Hartford Entrepreneurial Center and Women’s Business Center – Free and low-cost
services that support CT small businesses (Hartford, CT).
U.S. Department of Commerce Middletown Export Assistance Center – Local trade counseling
services (Middletown, CT).
University of Connecticut Graduate Business Learning Center (GBLC) – Home to the UConn School
of Business part-time and Executive MBA Hartford program offices, classrooms and conference
facilities, as well as the SS&C Technologies Financial Accelerator (Hartford, CT).
Doing Business in Simsbury – 5
Revised 11/5/2018
3. CHOOSE A BUSINESS LOCATION
Finding a location for your business involves planning and research. Visit Choosing a Location & Equipment
(SBA.gov) for information that can help you choose the right location for your business, including tips for
choosing your business location, basic zoning laws, home-based business zoning laws, and leasing
commercial space.
Explore and research commercial real estate properties through a number of online resources, or by
connecting with a commercial real estate broker. The Connecticut Economic Resource Center (CERC)
SiteFinder database can help you locate available commercial properties. In addition, the CERC website
offers a variety of resources to supplement your property search by providing information about local
areas and demographics.
Part of choosing a great location involves making sure that what you want to do with your business is an
approved use for that location according to local zoning laws and regulations. Start by speaking with the
Town of Simsbury Zoning Enforcement Officer (ZEO) Robin Newton at (860) 658-3240 or online, or Town
of Simsbury Director of Planning and Community Development Mike Glidden at (860) 658-3252 or online.
Both can provide you with information on zoning for your proposed location and use, help with signage
regulations, and refer you to other departments you may need to speak with including Building, Water
Pollution, Farmington Valley Health District, Fire Marshal, Tariffville Fire District, and/or public utility
providers.
4. FINANCE YOUR BUSINESS
There are many ways to finance your business from traditional bank loans to grants and state and federal
programs. See the Connecticut Office of Legislative Research - Research Report for an overview of Small
Business Assistance Programs.
Simsbury works closely with Main Street Partnership, which is a great place to start this conversation. Set
up an appointment with Executive Director of Main Street Partnership Sarah Nielsen at 860-651-8577 or
online.
Additional resources to look into for financing include:
 Angel Investor Forum
 Connecticut Department of Economic and Community Development
 Connecticut General Assembly Office of Legislative Research summary of Small Business Assistance
Programs
 Connecticut Innovations
 Community Investment Corporation
 SBA Loan Programs
Doing Business in Simsbury – 6
Revised 11/5/2018
5. DETERMINE THE LEGAL STRUCTURE OF YOUR BUSINESS
The type of business structure you choose will have legal and tax implications. You may want to consult
with a lawyer or CPA. Types of business structures include:
 Sole Proprietorship – a business owned and run by one individual
 Partnership – a single business where two or more people share ownership
 Corporation – an independent legal entity owned by shareholders
 S Corporation – a special type of corporation created through an IRS tax election
 Limited Liability Company (LLC) – combines the pass-through taxation of a partnership or sole
proprietorship with the limited liability of a corporation
For additional information, recommended online resources include:
 Business Structures (irs.gov)
 Business Structure and Tax Implications (sba.gov)
 Choose Your Business Structure (sba.gov)
If you change your business structure you must notify the Connecticut Department of Revenue Services.
FILE AND REGISTER YOUR BUSINESS
6. REGISTER A BUSINESS NAME (“D/B/A” OR “DOING BUSINESS AS”)
Before you can register your business you will need to choose a distinguishable business name. Perform
a Business Name Search through the Connecticut Secretary of the State to see if your proposed business
name is presently available. You may also want to do a basic web and social media search to see if your
business name is available as a domain name or username. For more information see Choose & Register
Your Business (sba.gov).
If your proposed business name is available and your business is neither a Sole Proprietorship nor a
General Partnership, then you need to register your business with the Secretary of State. Access forms
and fees from the Connecticut Secretary of the State.
All trade names (“d/b/a’s”) must register with the Simsbury Town Clerk’s Office.
7. GET A FEDERAL TAX IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
Once you have registered your business name, you may apply for an Employer Identification Number
(EIN). An EIN is also called a Federal Tax Identification Number and is used to identify a business entity.
See How to Apply for an EIN from the Internal Revenue Service (irs.gov) to apply online for free and for
more information.
Doing Business in Simsbury – 7
Revised 11/5/2018
8. REGISTER FOR STATE AND LOCAL TAXES
After you have an EIN, you will need to register with the Connecticut Department of Revenue Services to
receive a Connecticut Tax Registration Number (TRN).
Locally, you will need to file a Personal Property Declaration with the Town of Simsbury Assessor’s Office.
For more information, visit Filing & Paying Taxes (sba.gov). Additional resources include:
 Federal: Tax Information for Businesses (irs.gov)
 State: Connecticut Department of Revenue Services (ct.gov/drs)
 Local municipal taxes: Town of Simsbury Tax Office
9. OBTAIN BUSINESS LICENSES AND PERMITS
Depending on what your business does, you may need to obtain federal and state licenses and permits to
run your business legally.
If your business is involved in activities supervised and regulated by a federal agency – such as selling
alcohol, firearms, commercial fishing, etc. – then you may need to obtain a federal license or permit. For
more information see What Federal Licenses and Permits Does Your Business Need? (sba.gov).
The Connecticut Economic Resource Center (CERC) has information on state licensing.
Locally, you may need some approvals or permits, such as: Zoning Approval, Building Permit, Fire Marshal
Approval, Public Utility Approval, Health Department Approval, Police Department Approval, and Water
Pollution Control Sewer Usage Capacity. For assistance, please contact the Town of Simsbury Planning and
Land Use Department. See also the Town of Simsbury Online Permit Center.
10. UNDERSTAND EMPLOYER RESPONSIBILITIES
If you have employees, there are responsibilities involved including withholding taxes, verifying employee
eligibility, obtaining workers’ compensation insurance, and more. For more information see Hiring
(sba.gov) and the State of Connecticut Department of Labor website.
Doing Business in Simsbury – 8
Revised 11/5/2018
OPEN FOR BUSINESS
Congratulations! You have reached the stage where all of your planning and preparation comes to fruition.
How do you plan to market your services and let people know that you are open for business?
Here are some local resources:
 Contact Town of Simsbury First Selectman Eric Wellman at (860) 658-3231 for possible inclusion
in the First Selectman’s Report.
 Become a Simsbury Main Street Partner and work with Executive Director Sarah Nielsen to plan a
grand opening event and ribbon cutting ceremony.
 Join the Simsbury Chamber of Commerce and work with Executive Director Lisa Gray to plan a
grand opening event and ribbon cutting ceremony and learn about networking and other
promotional opportunities.
EXISTING BUSINESSES
For information related to running a business, leading your business, growing your business, business
law and regulations, business guides by industry, exporting, closing down your business, cybersecurity,
and forms see Managing a Business (sba.gov).
ASSOCIATIONS & ORGANIZATIONS
Consider joining a business or industry-specific association or organization to stay connected, network, or
for access to group resources. Not sure which groups to join? Use resources available through the
Simsbury Public Library Business Resource Center to research associations and organizations, such as the
Encyclopedia of Associations or Plunkett Research Online. Some state and local organizations include:
Connecticut Business and Industry Association (CBIA) – 350 Church Street, Hartford, CT 06103,
(860) 244-1900 – Save on healthcare and employee benefits, energy, home and auto insurance,
compliance and training, office supplies and furniture, business services, and job postings through
membership.
Simsbury Chamber of Commerce – 749 Hopmeadow Street, P.O. Box 224, Simsbury, CT 06070,
(860) 651-7307, info@simsburycoc.org, Contact: Executive Director Lisa Gray -- Provides
marketing exposure, networking opportunities and government representation.
Simsbury Main Street Partnership, Inc. – P.O. Box 3, Simsbury, CT 06070, (860) 651-8577
Contact: Executive Director Sarah Nielsen -- The Simsbury Main Street Partnership in an award-
winning, nationally accredited not-for-profit organization. They provide business assistance,
marketing, branding, press releases and much more.
Doing Business in Simsbury – 9
Revised 11/5/2018
COMMONLY ASKED SIMSBURY ZONING QUESTIONS
Simsbury has specific zoning regulations regarding where a business can be located, what kind of
commerce can be conducted, parking space needed, specific design associated with new construction or
renovations, and signage. Please refer to the Town of Simsbury Planning and Land Use Department
website for the most up-to-date information and for staff contacts. You may reach out directly to Director
of Planning and Community Development Michael Glidden or Code Compliance Officer Robin Newton for
assistance.
WHAT IS MY PROPERTY ZONED FOR?
Use the Town of Simsbury Graphic Information System (GIS) to search for your property. The Zoning Map
is uploaded in the Map Gallery section. It is also viewable using the Interactive Mapping section and then
by selecting Map Layer – Zoning.
After you determine the zoning district your property is located within, please refer to Article Seven of
the Zoning Regulations which outlines the uses allowed in each zoning district.
DO I NEED A PERMIT?
Yes. A permit is required for any changes in use or occupancy regardless if Zoning Commission approval is
required or not. There is a $25 administrative fee associated, made payable to the Town of Simsbury. A
Zoning Compliance Review Application may be accessed through the Town of Simsbury Planning and Land
Use Department Applications webpage.
ARE THERE GUIDELINES THAT I NEED TO FOLLOW FOR COMMERCIAL AND
PERMANENT SIGNAGE?
Yes. The Simsbury Zoning Regulations allow for wall and free standing signs. All permanent signs require
review and/or approval by the Zoning Commission. Complete requirements may be found in the Simsbury
Guidelines for Community Design, Section C. Signage. Signage proposed in Simsbury Town Center is
governed by Town Center Code, Chapter 6, Section 6.4. Signage in the rest of Simsbury is governed by
Simsbury Zoning Regulations, Article Ten, Section C.2. A Zoning Commission Application for a sign permit
may be accessed through Town of Simsbury Planning and Land Use Department Applications webpage.
Doing Business in Simsbury – 10
Revised 11/5/2018
AM I ALLOWED TO PUT UP A TEMPORARY SIGN FOR MY BUSINESS OR EVENT?
Yes, with a permit from the Planning and Land Use Department. Temporary signs or “a frames” are
permitted four times a year for a two week period with a permit. Additional information is available online.
A Temporary Business Sign Application or Temporary Non Profit Sign Application may be accessed through
the Town of Simsbury Planning and Land Use Department Applications webpage. There is no fee for this
permit.
AM I PERMITTED TO USE MY RESIDENCE FOR PERSONAL BUSINESS PURPOSES?
Please contact the Planning and Land Use Department to determine what approvals will be necessary for
locating your business at your home. Your approval process for locating a business in your residence will
be determined based on the intensity of your use. Some uses are allowed as of right and others require a
special exception from the Zoning Commission. You should contact a staff member of the Planning and
Land Use Department in order to determine what approvals are necessary.
WHAT DO I DO IF THE ZONING REGULATIONS DON’T PERMIT ME TO USE THE
PROPERTY AS I WANT TO FOR MY BUSINESS?
The Town of Simsbury Zoning Regulations are permissive. If your use is not listed within the regulations,
then it is prohibited. In order to allow a use that is prohibited, one must revise the regulations. A Zoning
Commission Application for a text amendment may be accessed through the Town of Simsbury Planning
and Land Use Department Applications webpage.
Doing Business in Simsbury – 11
Revised 11/5/2018
COMMONLY ASKED MUNICIPAL PROPERTY TAX QUESTIONS
AS A BUSINESS OWNER, WHAT DO I OWN THAT IS SUBJECT TO MUNICIPAL PROPERTY
TAXES?
There are three types of properties that are assessed and taxed in accordance with State Statute: real
estate, motor vehicles and personal property. All land and buildings are taxed as real estate. All registered
motorized or non-motorized vehicles (such as cars, trucks, motorcycles and trailers) are taxed as motor
vehicles. Finally, all machinery, equipment, furniture, and fixtures either owned or leased by business and
industry are taxed as personal property. Most residential taxpayers are not subject to personal property
tax. However, most business owners are subject to this tax. In addition, some residential and commercial
taxpayers are also charged for usage of municipal infrastructure, such as sewers. The Assessor’s Office has
additional information (see Resources).
AS A BUSINESS OWNER, AM I REQUIRED TO REPORT EQUIPMENT THAT I USE IN THE
COURSE OF CONDUCTING MY BUSINESS?
Pursuant to Chapter 203 Section 12-42 of the Connecticut General Statutes, business owners are required
to submit an inventory of personal property to the Assessor of the Town in which the business is located.
According to the Statute, this Declaration of Personal Property must be received by the Assessor no later
than the first day of November. If the Declaration is not filed, the Assessor shall complete the inventory
including all property that there is reason to believe exists in the facility.
HOW DO I KNOW THE VALUE OF MY PROPERTY AND HOW IS THE TAX RATE APPLIED?
State law requires that properties be valued at “present and true actual value,” which means fair market
value. The Assessor then multiplies that fair market value by 70% to arrive at the property’s assessed
value. The applicable mill rate is then applied to the assessed value to determine the actual tax bill. State
law requires that real estate be revalued every four years to factor in changes in market value, property
improvements and new construction. Standard price guides are used to determine the value of motor
vehicles.
Doing Business in Simsbury – 12
Revised 11/5/2018
WHEN ARE MY TAXES DUE?
Tax bills are sent once each year on July 1st. Taxes on personal property and motor vehicles are due in
July. Taxes on real estate are due in 2 installments; July and January each year.
AS A BUSINESS OWNER, AM I ELIGIBLE FOR ANY TAX INCENTIVES?
Through the Simsbury Business Incentive Program, your business may be eligible for a tax abatement or
other incentive if you are planning to locate your business in Simsbury or to expand and grow your
business here. Click on the link above to see specific plan details and the requirements for applying for
an incentive or abatement. The Simsbury Business Incentive Program identifies specific businesses or
industries which are targeted for development and identifies development outcomes – such as creation
of additional tax revenue or providing lasting employment opportunities – which would be considered by
the Town in determining whether to provide an incentive or grant a tax abatement. Applications under
the Program are heard by the Town’s Business Development Committee which will make
recommendations to the Board of Selectmen. If you have questions about the program, feel free to
contact the Director of Planning and Community Development at (860) 658-3252 or the Town Manager
at (860) 658-3230.
WHOM SHOULD I CONTACT FOR MORE INFORMATION CONCERNING BUSINESS
INCENTIVE PROGRAMS?
Interested business owners must apply for these tax incentives. For additional information concerning the
various incentives offered by the Town, as well as an application, you should contact the Town Manager
or the Planning and Land Use Department (see Resources).
Doing Business in Simsbury – 13
Revised 11/5/2018
RESOURCES
BusinessUSA (business.usa.gov) – A centralized one-stop platform for business to access services from
the federal government.
Connecticut Business Portal (ct.gov) – Information on starting, growing and managing your business,
and more from Connecticut’s Official State Website.
Connecticut Department of Economic and Community Development (CT DECD) -- 505 Hudson Street,
Hartford, CT 06106-7106, DECD Central Office (860) 270-8000 – Business development services including
financing, tax credits and incentives, site selection services, and workforce training support.
Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (CT DEEP) – 79 Elm Street, Hartford,
CT 06106-5127, (860) 424-3000 – Environmental Quality Permitting, Outdoor Recreation and Natural
Resources Licensing, Professional and Occupational Licensing, Public Utilities Regulatory Authority, and
more.
Connecticut Department of Revenue Services (CT DRS) – 50 Columbus Blvd., Suite 1, Hartford, CT
06103, (860) 297-5962 – Register and manage your business for tax-related purposes.
Connecticut Department of Labor (CT DOL) – 200 Folly Brook Boulevard, Wethersfield, CT 06109, (860)
263-6000 – Protects and promotes the interests of CT workers and provides resources for employers.
Connecticut Economic Resource Center (CERC) – 805 Brook Street, Building 4, Rocky Hill, CT 06067,
(860) 571-7136 – A non-profit corporation and public-private partnership that provides economic
development services, leveraging Connecticut’s unique advantages as a premier business location.
Connecticut Office of the Secretary of the State – 30 Trinity Street, Hartford, CT 06106, (860) 509-6200
– Search a business, access forms and fees, utilize the Small Business Startup Tool.
Connecticut Small Business Development Center (CTSBDC) – University of Connecticut, 2100 Hillside
Road, Storrs, CT 06269, (855) 428-7232 – In-person or virtual business advising, training, workshops and
webinars.
Farmington Valley Health District – 95 River Road, Suite C, Canton, CT 06079, (860) 352-2333 – Food
protection, environmental health, community health, emergency preparedness and more.
Federal Trade Commission - Business Center (ftc.gov) – Tips and advice for businesses related to
consumer protection law.
Greater Hartford SCORE – 280 Trumbull Street, Hartford, CT 06103, (860) 240-4700 – Find a mentor,
take a workshop, access online resources, and more.
Internal Revenue Service (irs.gov) – Resources for businesses related to business structures and taxes.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (osha.gov) -- Assures safe and healthful working
conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training,
outreach, education and assistance.
Doing Business in Simsbury – 14
Revised 11/5/2018
PrepareCT -- Helps Connecticut’s small business community prepare for and minimize the impact of
disruptions and disasters, and take precise steps to ensure their continued business survival and well-
being. Funded by SBA and led by CTSBDC.
Protecting Your Businesses (FEMA.gov) – Mitigation and insurance programs from the Federal
Emergency Management Agency.
Simsbury Chamber of Commerce – 749 Hopmeadow Street, P.O. Box 224, Simsbury, CT 06070,
(860) 651-7307, info@simsburycoc.org, Contact: Executive Director Lisa Gray -- Provides marketing
exposure, networking opportunities, government representation, and more ways to grow your business.
Simsbury Main Street Partnership, Inc. – P.O. Box 3, Simsbury, CT 06070, (860) 651-8577
Contact: Executive Director Sarah Nielsen -- The Simsbury Main Street Partnership in an award-winning,
nationally accredited not-for-profit organization. They provide business assistance, marketing, branding,
press releases and much more.
Simsbury Public Library Business Resource Center (BRC) -- 725 Hopmeadow Street, Simsbury, CT 06070,
(860) 658-7663, Contact: Business Resource Center Coordinator Sarah Loudenslager,
sarahl@simsburylibrary.info -- Provides resources to support new and growing businesses, including
staff, books, electronic databases and workshops.
State of Connecticut Workers’ Compensation Commission – 1 (800) 223-9675 – Administers the
workers’ compensation laws of the State of Connecticut with the ultimate goal of ensuring that workers
injured on the job receive prompt payment of lost work time benefits and attendant medical expenses.
Town of Simsbury – 933 Hopmeadow Street, Simsbury, CT 06070, (860) 658-3200
Hours: Monday 8:30am to 7:00pm, Tuesday – Thursday 8:30am to 4:30pm, Friday 8:30am to 1:00pm
Assessor's Office - 658-3251, Building Department - 658-3234, First Selectman’s Office – 658-3231,
Planning and Land Use Department - 658-3245, Tax Office - 658-3238, Town Clerk - 658-3243, Town
Manager - 658-3230. View contact information for all Town of Simsbury Departments.
University of Hartford Entrepreneurial Center & Women’s Business Center – Babcock House,
University of Hartford, 260 Girard Avenue, Hartford, CT 06105 and Founders Business Park, CT Center
for Advanced Technology, 222 Pitkin Street, East Hartford, CT 06108, (860) 768-5681 – Free and low-cost
services that support CT small business including free small business advising, business training,
mentoring and technical assistance, events, and more.
U.S. Department of Commerce (commerce.gov) – Promotes job creation and economic growth by
ensuring fair and secure trade, providing the data necessary to support commerce, and fostering
innovation by setting standards and conducting foundational research and development.
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development - Office of Small/Disadvantaged Business
Utilization (hud.gov) – The OSDBU is responsible for ensuring that small businesses are treated fairly and
that they have an opportunity to compete and be selected for a fair amount of the Agency's prime and
subcontracting opportunities.
U.S. Economic Development Administration (eda.gov) – Their mission is to lead the federal economic
development agenda by promoting innovation and competitiveness, preparing American regions for
growth and success in the worldwide economy.
Doing Business in Simsbury – 15
Revised 11/5/2018
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (epa.gov) – Find out about environmental topics, laws and
regulations by business sector and more.
U.S. Small Business Administration Connecticut District Office -- 280 Trumbull Street Second Floor,
Hartford, CT 06103, (860) 240-4700 – Financial assistance, free counseling, Women’s Business
Ownership Representative, Veterans Affairs Officer, and more.